20. C++ Standard Template Library (STL)

🚀 Master the C++ Standard Template Library! This guide dives deep into STL containers, algorithms, and more, empowering you to write efficient and elegant C++ code. 💡

Posted Jun 28, 2025

By Youth Innovations

22 min read

What we will learn in this post?

👉 The C++ Standard Template Library (STL)
👉 STL Algorithms
👉 STL Containers
👉 STL Vector
👉 STL Pair
👉 STL Set
👉 STL Multiset
👉 STL Stack
👉 STL Queue
👉 STL Priority Queue
👉 STL Deque
👉 STL List
👉 STL Forward List
👉 STL Map
👉 STL Multimap
👉 STL Bitset
👉 STL Unordered Sets
👉 STL Unordered Multiset
👉 STL Unordered Map
👉 STL Unordered Multimap
👉 Conclusion!

Meet the C++ STL: Your Coding Best Friend! 🤗

The C++ Standard Template Library (STL) is a powerful set of ready-to-use components that makes C++ programming much easier and more efficient. Think of it as a toolbox filled with pre-built tools for common tasks. It’s all about generic programming, meaning you can use the same code with different data types without rewriting everything.

Key Components ✨

The STL consists of three main parts:

Containers 📦

These hold your data: std::vector (like a dynamic array), std::list (a linked list), std::map (key-value pairs), std::set (unique elements). For example:

  
std::vector<int> numbers = {1, 2, 3};

Algorithms ⚙️

These perform operations on your data: std::sort, std::find, std::copy. For example:

  
std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());

Iterators ➡️

These act like pointers, allowing algorithms to traverse containers.

Advantages of Using STL 💪

Code Reusability: Write once, use many times with different data types.
Efficiency: Highly optimized algorithms and data structures.
Readability: Makes your code cleaner and easier to understand.

Example: Sorting a Vector

  
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

int main() {
  std::vector<int> myVector = {5, 2, 8, 1, 9};
  std::sort(myVector.begin(), myVector.end()); //Uses STL's sort algorithm
  for (int x : myVector) std::cout << x << " "; //Output: 1 2 5 8 9
  return 0;
}

Want to learn more? Check out these resources:

cppreference.com (Comprehensive STL documentation)
LearnCpp.com (Great C++ tutorials)

This simple example showcases the power and ease of using the STL. It’s a game-changer for C++ developers! 🎉

STL Algorithms: Your Coding Toolkit ✨

The C++ Standard Template Library (STL) provides a rich set of algorithms that simplify common programming tasks. These algorithms work on various data structures like vectors and arrays, boosting efficiency and readability.

Common Algorithms & Use Cases

Let’s explore some popular ones:

Searching & Sorting 🔎

std::find: Locates the first occurrence of a value. std::find(vec.begin(), vec.end(), 5); finds the first 5 in vec.
std::sort: Sorts a range of elements. std::sort(vec.begin(), vec.end()); sorts vec in ascending order.
std::binary_search: Efficiently searches a sorted range. Requires a sorted container.

Modifying Ranges 🛠️

std::transform: Applies a function to each element. std::transform(vec.begin(), vec.end(), vec.begin(), [](int x){ return x*2; }); doubles each element in vec.
std::copy: Copies elements from one range to another.
std::remove: Removes elements matching a specific value (Note: doesn’t actually resize the container, just moves elements).

Example: Finding the Maximum Element 🥇

  
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
  std::vector<int> numbers = {1, 5, 2, 8, 3};
  int max_element = *std::max_element(numbers.begin(), numbers.end()); //Find the max element in the vector.
  std::cout << "Maximum element: " << max_element << std::endl; //Prints the maximum element to the console.
  return 0;
}

This simple example demonstrates how easily you can find the maximum element in a vector using std::max_element.

For more in-depth information, explore these resources:

cppreference

Remember to include <algorithm> in your code to use these powerful tools! Happy coding! 🎉

STL Containers: Your Data’s New Home 🏠

The Standard Template Library (STL) in C++ offers various containers to store and manage data efficiently. Let’s explore some key players!

Sequence Containers ➡️

These containers store elements in a specific order.

`std::vector` 💪

Type: Dynamic array. Resizes automatically.
Use Case: When you need a dynamic array that can grow or shrink as needed.
Example: std::vector<int> numbers = {1, 2, 3};

`std::list` 🔗

Type: Doubly linked list. Efficient insertions and deletions anywhere.
Use Case: Frequent insertions/deletions in the middle. Slower random access than vector.
Example: std::list<std::string> names;

`std::deque` 🔄

Type: Double-ended queue. Efficient insertions/deletions at both ends.
Use Case: When you need fast access to both beginning and end.
Example: std::deque<int> queue;

Associative Containers 🗝️

These containers store elements in a key-value pair, allowing fast lookups.

`std::map` 🗺️

Type: Ordered map (keys are sorted).
Use Case: When you need to store data and quickly access it using a unique key.
Example: std::map<std::string, int> ages;

`std::unordered_map` 🎲

Type: Unordered map (faster lookups on average than map).
Use Case: When order doesn’t matter, and you prioritize fast lookups.
Example: std::unordered_map<std::string, int> ages;

Other Containers 📦

`std::set` 🗄️

Stores unique elements in sorted order.

`std::unordered_set` 🎲

Stores unique elements, unordered (faster lookups than set).

For more detailed information and examples, check out the following resource: cppreference.com

Remember to choose the container that best suits your needs based on the type of data and the operations you’ll be performing! Happy coding! 😊

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STL Pair: A Handy Duo 👯‍♀️

The Standard Template Library (STL) pair is a simple yet powerful tool. It’s like a tiny container that holds two elements of potentially different data types. Think of it as a convenient way to group related data together.

Purpose of `pair`

Its main purpose is to return or store two values as a single unit. This is incredibly useful in various scenarios, such as:

Returning multiple values from a function.
Storing key-value pairs (although map is often preferred for larger collections).
Representing coordinates (x, y).

Using `pair`

Declaration and Initialization

  
#include <iostream>
#include <utility> //for pair

int main() {
  std::pair<int, std::string> person; // Declares a pair of (int, string)
  person.first = 25;  // Access the first element
  person.second = "Alice"; //Access the second element

  std::pair<double, double> point = {3.14, 2.71}; //Initialize directly

  std::cout << "Age: " << person.first << ", Name: " << person.second << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Point: (" << point.first << ", " << point.second << ")" << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

Make_pair Function

You can also use std::make_pair for simpler initialization:

  
#include <utility>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
    auto p = std::make_pair(10, "ten"); //auto deduces the type
    std::cout << p.first << " " << p.second << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

For more information, check out these resources:

cppreference

This makes managing related data much cleaner and easier! Remember that the pair elements are accessed using .first and .second. Enjoy using this handy tool! 🎉

STL Set: Your Ordered Collection Friend 🤝

The C++ Standard Template Library (STL) provides the set container, a powerful tool for storing unique elements in a sorted order. Think of it like a well-organized toolbox where you can only keep one of each tool, and they’re always neatly arranged!

Key Properties ✨

Uniqueness: Only one instance of each element is allowed. Duplicates are automatically ignored.
Sorted Order: Elements are always kept in ascending order based on their natural ordering (or a custom comparator).
Efficient Search: Finding elements is very fast thanks to its underlying tree-based implementation (usually a red-black tree).

Example Usage

  
#include <iostream>
#include <set>

int main() {
  std::set<int> mySet = {5, 2, 8, 2, 1, 8}; // Duplicates are ignored

  for (int x : mySet) {
    std::cout << x << " "; // Output: 1 2 5 8
  }
  std::cout << std::endl;

  mySet.insert(7); // Adding a new element

  if (mySet.count(5)) { //Check if element exists
    std::cout << "5 is present!" << std::endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

Common Operations ⚙️

insert(): Adds an element.
find(): Searches for an element.
count(): Checks if an element exists.
erase(): Removes an element.
size(): Returns the number of elements.

More information on STL Sets

This simple structure makes set incredibly useful when you need to maintain a collection of unique, sorted items efficiently. Remember to include <set> in your code!

Understanding STL multiset in C++ 🧡

Multiset vs. Set 🤔

The C++ Standard Template Library (STL) provides set and multiset containers, both storing unique elements, but with a key difference:

set: Stores only unique elements. If you try to insert a duplicate, it’s ignored. Think of it like a phone book – only one entry per person.
multiset: Allows duplicate elements. You can add the same element multiple times. Imagine a list of student scores – multiple students might have the same score.

Example illustrating the difference

  
#include <iostream>
#include <set>
#include <multiset>

int main() {
    std::set<int> mySet = {1, 2, 2, 3}; // Only {1, 2, 3} will be stored
    std::multiset<int> myMultiset = {1, 2, 2, 3}; // {1, 2, 2, 3} will be stored

    std::cout << "Set size: " << mySet.size() << std::endl; // Output: 3
    std::cout << "Multiset size: " << myMultiset.size() << std::endl; // Output: 4
    return 0;
}

Using `multiset` 🤩

multiset offers similar functionalities to set – insert(), erase(), find(), count() etc. count() is particularly useful for checking the number of occurrences of an element.

  
#include <iostream>
#include <multiset>

int main() {
    std::multiset<std::string> names = {"Alice", "Bob", "Alice", "Charlie", "Bob"};
    names.insert("David");
    std::cout << "Number of 'Alice': " << names.count("Alice") << std::endl; // Output: 2
    return 0;
}

For more detailed information and advanced functionalities, refer to: cplusplus.com

In short: Use set when uniqueness is crucial; use multiset when duplicates are allowed and need to be tracked. Choose wisely based on your application’s needs!

STL Stack: A Friendly Introduction 🤝

The Standard Template Library (STL) provides a stack container, which is a Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) data structure. Think of a stack of plates – you can only add (push) to the top and remove (pop) from the top.

Key Operations ⚙️

push(element): Adds an element to the top of the stack.
pop(): Removes the top element. (Note: It doesn’t return the removed element.)
top(): Returns a reference to the top element (without removing it).
empty(): Checks if the stack is empty.
size(): Returns the number of elements.

Example Implementation ✨

  
#include <iostream>
#include <stack>

int main() {
  std::stack<int> myStack;
  myStack.push(10);
  myStack.push(20);
  myStack.push(30);

  std::cout << "Top element: " << myStack.top() << std::endl; // Output: 30
  myStack.pop();
  std::cout << "Size: " << myStack.size() << std::endl;     // Output: 2
  return 0;
}

Visual Representation 📊

graph LR
A[Push 10] --> B(Stack: 10);
B --> C[Push 20];
C --> D(Stack: 20, 10);
D --> E[Push 30];
E --> F(Stack: 30, 20, 10);
F --> G[Pop];
G --> H(Stack: 20, 10);
H --> I[Top];
I --> J(Returns 20);

For more details on the STL stack and other containers, check out: cppreference.com

Remember that pop() doesn’t return the value it removes. You need top() to access that value before popping. Always check if a stack is empty using empty() before performing operations like pop() or top() to prevent errors!

STL Queue: A First Look 队列 🧡

The Standard Template Library (STL) provides a queue container, a First-In, First-Out (FIFO) data structure. Think of it like a real-world queue at a store – the first person in line is the first person served.

Key Features ✨

FIFO Ordering: Elements are added to the rear ( push() ) and removed from the front ( pop() ).
Template-based: Works with various data types ( int, string, custom classes).
Easy to Use: Simple and intuitive member functions for managing the queue.

Basic Usage

  
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>

int main() {
  std::queue<int> q;
  q.push(10);
  q.push(20);
  q.push(30);

  std::cout << "Front: " << q.front() << std::endl; // Output: 10
  q.pop();
  std::cout << "Front after pop: " << q.front() << std::endl; // Output: 20
  return 0;
}

Diagrammatic Representation 📊

graph LR
A["Enqueue (push)"] --> B{Queue};
B --> C["Dequeue (pop)"];

This diagram shows how elements are added and removed from the queue.

Enqueue: Adding elements to the rear.
Dequeue: Removing elements from the front.

More Information 📚

For a deeper dive into STL queues and other containers, check out these resources:

cppreference.com (Highly recommended!)

Remember to #include <queue> in your code to use the std::queue container. Enjoy using this powerful tool! 🎉

STL Priority Queue: A Friendly Guide 🤗

The C++ Standard Template Library (STL) offers a priority_queue, a container that keeps elements sorted based on their priority. Think of it like a queue at a hospital – the most urgent cases go first!

Key Properties ✨

Automatic Sorting: Elements are automatically arranged, highest priority at the front.
Access Only the Highest Priority: You can only access (and remove) the top element, not arbitrary elements.
Default Behavior: By default, it uses std::less (max-heap), meaning the largest element is at the top. You can change this.

Example: A Max-Heap

  
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>

int main() {
  std::priority_queue<int> pq;
  pq.push(10);
  pq.push(5);
  pq.push(15);

  std::cout << "Top element: " << pq.top() << std::endl; // Output: 15
  pq.pop();
  std::cout << "New top element: " << pq.top() << std::endl; // Output: 10
  return 0;
}

Customizing Priority ⚙️

You can change the comparison function to create a min-heap (smallest element first) using a custom comparator:

  
#include <functional>
std::priority_queue<int, std::vector<int>, std::greater<int>> min_pq;

This uses std::greater to define the comparison function, making it a min-heap.

Effective Usage 🚀

Use priority_queue for tasks needing efficient access to the highest (or lowest) priority element.
Consider custom comparators for specific sorting needs.
Remember that pop() removes the top element, and top() accesses it without removal.

For more in-depth information, check out these resources:

cppreference

Remember to include <queue> and potentially <functional> for custom comparators! Happy coding! 😊

Meet the STL `deque`! 🤝

The C++ Standard Template Library (STL) offers a powerful container called deque (pronounced “deck”), short for double-ended queue. Think of it as a supercharged array that allows efficient additions and removals from both ends. Unlike a standard array, deque doesn’t need to reallocate memory as frequently when you add elements.

Key Characteristics ✨

Random Access: You can access any element directly using its index, just like with arrays (myDeque[3]).
Fast Insertion/Deletion at Ends: Adding or removing elements from the beginning or end is very quick. This is where deque shines!
Dynamic Size: The deque automatically grows or shrinks as needed.
Memory Management: deque handles memory allocation more efficiently than vectors for insertions at the beginning.

When to Use `deque` 🤔

Implementing queues or stacks.
Storing data where you frequently add or remove elements from both ends.
Situations requiring random access but also efficient insertion/deletion at the ends.

Usage Example 💻

  
#include <iostream>
#include <deque>

int main() {
  std::deque<int> myDeque;
  myDeque.push_back(10); // Add to the back
  myDeque.push_front(5); // Add to the front
  myDeque.pop_back();   // Remove from the back

  for (int x : myDeque) std::cout << x << " "; // Output: 5
  return 0;
}

Visual Representation 📊

graph LR
    A[deque] --> B(push_front());
    A --> C(push_back());
    A --> D(pop_front());
    A --> E(pop_back());

For more detailed information and advanced usage, check out these resources:

cplusplus.com deque

Remember, the best container choice depends on your specific needs. deque is a fantastic option when you need the speed of both ends access combined with random access capabilities.

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STL Forward List: A Simple Linked List ➡️

The STL forward_list is a singly linked list, meaning each element points only to the next one. This makes it memory-efficient and fast for insertions and deletions at the beginning or before an element. However, it lacks random access (you can’t directly jump to the 5th element).

Key Features ✨

Singly Linked: Elements are chained together in a single direction.
Efficient Insertions/Deletions: Fast at the front or before an element.
No Random Access: You can only traverse sequentially.
Memory Efficient: Uses less memory than other containers like vector for frequent insertions/deletions.

Usage Example 💻

  
#include <iostream>
#include <forward_list>

int main() {
  std::forward_list<int> myList = {1, 2, 3};
  myList.push_front(0); // Add 0 to the beginning
  myList.insert_after(myList.begin(), 4); //Add 4 after the first element

  for (int x : myList) {
    std::cout << x << " ";  // Output: 0 4 1 2 3
  }
  std::cout << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

When to Use 🤔

Use forward_list when:

You need frequent insertions or deletions at the beginning or before an element.
Memory efficiency is crucial.
Random access is not required.

Limitations ⚠️

No random access. Traversing is sequential only.
Less efficient for operations requiring searching or accessing elements by index.

STL Map: Your Key-Value Store 🔑

The STL (Standard Template Library) map is like a dictionary. It stores data in key-value pairs, where each key is unique and associated with a specific value. Think of it as a phone book: names (keys) are linked to phone numbers (values).

Key Characteristics ✨

Unique Keys: Each key must be unique; trying to insert a duplicate key will overwrite the existing entry.
Ordered Keys: Keys are automatically sorted based on their comparison (usually lexicographically for strings, numerically for numbers).
Efficient Lookups: Finding a value associated with a specific key is very fast (logarithmic time complexity).

Example: Storing Student Grades 📝

  
#include <iostream>
#include <map>

int main() {
  std::map<std::string, int> grades; // map: key (string) -> value (int)

  grades["Alice"] = 90;
  grades["Bob"] = 85;
  grades["Charlie"] = 95;

  std::cout << "Alice's grade: " << grades["Alice"] << std::endl; // Output: 90

  return 0;
}

Using a Map 🗺️

map<KeyType, ValueType> myMap;: Declares a map.
myMap[key] = value;: Inserts or updates a key-value pair.
myMap.find(key);: Searches for a key and returns an iterator.
myMap.count(key);: Checks if a key exists.
myMap.erase(key);: Removes a key-value pair.

Note: For more advanced usage (iterators, etc.), refer to the cppreference documentation.

graph LR
A[Declare map] --> B{Insert/Update};
B --> C[Search];
B --> D[Check Existence];
B --> E[Erase];
C --> F[Get Value];

This simple guide provides a basic understanding of STL maps. Remember to include <map> in your code!

STL Multimap Explained 😊

Multimap vs. Map 🗺️

Both std::map and std::multimap are associative containers in the C++ Standard Template Library (STL), storing key-value pairs. The crucial difference lies in how they handle duplicate keys:

std::map: Allows only one value for each unique key. Think of it like a dictionary – each word (key) has only one definition (value).
std::multimap: Allows multiple values for the same key. Imagine a phone book; multiple people might have the same last name (key).

Illustrative Example

Let’s see them in action:

  
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <multimap>

int main() {
  std::map<std::string, int> myMap;
  myMap["apple"] = 1;
  myMap["banana"] = 2;
  myMap["apple"] = 3; // Overwrites the previous value for "apple"

  std::multimap<std::string, int> myMultimap;
  myMultimap.insert({"apple", 1});
  myMultimap.insert({"banana", 2});
  myMultimap.insert({"apple", 3}); // Adds another "apple" entry

  std::cout << "Map size: " << myMap.size() << std::endl; // Output: 2
  std::cout << "Multimap size: " << myMultimap.size() << std::endl; // Output: 3

  return 0;
}

Key Differences Summarized 📝

Duplicate Keys: map - No; multimap - Yes.
Size: map’s size reflects unique keys; multimap’s size reflects all entries.
Use Cases: Use map when one value per key is needed; use multimap when multiple values per key are possible.

For further reading and more in-depth explanations, consider exploring these resources:

cppreference.com (Search for map and multimap)

Remember to include <map> and <multimap> headers in your code! Happy coding! 🎉

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STL Unordered Multiset: A Friendly Introduction 🤗

The C++ Standard Template Library (STL) provides unordered_multiset, a powerful container for storing unordered collections of elements, allowing duplicates. Think of it like a bag of marbles – you can have multiple marbles of the same color!

Key Features ✨

Unordered: Elements aren’t stored in any particular order. This makes insertion and retrieval very fast (average O(1) time complexity!).
Allows Duplicates: Unlike unordered_set, unordered_multiset happily accepts multiple instances of the same element.
Hash Table Based: It uses a hash table for efficient storage and access.

Example Usage 💡

  
#include <iostream>
#include <unordered_set>

int main() {
  std::unordered_multiset<int> myMultiset = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3};
  myMultiset.insert(2); // Add another 2

  std::cout << "Size: " << myMultiset.size() << std::endl; // Output: 7
  std::cout << "Count of 2s: " << myMultiset.count(2) << std::endl; // Output: 3

  return 0;
}

When to Use it 🤔

Use unordered_multiset when:

You need fast insertion and deletion of elements.
You need to allow duplicate elements.
The order of elements doesn’t matter.

More information on unordered_multiset

This simple guide gives you a basic understanding. Explore the link above for a deeper dive!

STL Unordered Map: A Friendly Guide 🤗

What is it?

An unordered_map is like a super-powered dictionary! It lets you store key-value pairs, just like a regular dictionary, but it’s much faster for looking things up. Think of it as a super-organized filing cabinet where you can quickly find a file using its name (the key) to access its contents (the value). It uses a hash table under the hood for efficient access.

Key Properties:

Fast lookups: Finding a value using its key is incredibly fast (on average O(1) time complexity).
Unordered: Elements aren’t stored in any specific order.
Unique keys: Each key must be unique; you can’t have two entries with the same key.
Dynamic size: It automatically grows as you add more elements.

Usage Examples ✨

  
#include <iostream>
#include <unordered_map>

int main() {
  std::unordered_map<std::string, int> ages; // Map strings (names) to ints (ages)

  ages["Alice"] = 30;
  ages["Bob"] = 25;

  std::cout << "Alice's age: " << ages["Alice"] << std::endl; // Output: 30

  if (ages.count("Charlie")) { // Check if a key exists
    std::cout << "Charlie's age is found!" << std::endl;
  } else {
    std::cout << "Charlie's age is not found!" << std::endl; //This will be printed
  }
  return 0;
}

More Resources 📚

For a deeper dive into unordered_map and other STL containers, check out these resources:

cppreference.com (Comprehensive documentation)
LearnCpp.com (Excellent C++ tutorials)

Remember that while unordered_map excels at fast lookups, it might not be the best choice if you need elements to be sorted or if you need to iterate through them in a specific order. In those cases, consider using std::map instead.

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Conclusion

And there you have it! We’ve covered a lot of ground today, and hopefully, you found it helpful and interesting. 😊 But the conversation doesn’t have to end here! We’d love to hear your thoughts, feedback, and any brilliant suggestions you might have. What did you think of this post? What other topics would you like us to explore? Let us know in the comments below! 👇 We’re always looking to improve and learn from your awesome insights! ✨

Programming, CPP Programming, STL

This post is licensed under CC BY 4.0 by the author.

What we will learn in this post?

Meet the C++ STL: Your Coding Best Friend! 🤗

Key Components ✨

Containers 📦

Algorithms ⚙️

Iterators ➡️

Advantages of Using STL 💪

Example: Sorting a Vector

STL Algorithms: Your Coding Toolkit ✨

Common Algorithms & Use Cases

Searching & Sorting 🔎

Modifying Ranges 🛠️

Example: Finding the Maximum Element 🥇

STL Containers: Your Data’s New Home 🏠

Sequence Containers ➡️

std::vector 💪

std::list 🔗

std::deque 🔄

Associative Containers 🗝️

std::map 🗺️

std::unordered_map 🎲

Other Containers 📦

std::set 🗄️

std::unordered_set 🎲

STL Pair: A Handy Duo 👯‍♀️

Purpose of pair

Using pair

Declaration and Initialization

Make_pair Function

STL Set: Your Ordered Collection Friend 🤝

Key Properties ✨

Example Usage

Common Operations ⚙️

Understanding STL multiset in C++ 🧡

Multiset vs. Set 🤔

Example illustrating the difference

Using multiset 🤩

STL Stack: A Friendly Introduction 🤝

Key Operations ⚙️

Example Implementation ✨

Visual Representation 📊

STL Queue: A First Look 队列 🧡

Key Features ✨

Basic Usage

Diagrammatic Representation 📊

More Information 📚

STL Priority Queue: A Friendly Guide 🤗

Key Properties ✨

Example: A Max-Heap

Customizing Priority ⚙️

Effective Usage 🚀

Meet the STL deque! 🤝

Key Characteristics ✨

When to Use deque 🤔

Usage Example 💻

Visual Representation 📊

STL Forward List: A Simple Linked List ➡️

Key Features ✨

Usage Example 💻

When to Use 🤔

Limitations ⚠️

STL Map: Your Key-Value Store 🔑

Key Characteristics ✨

Example: Storing Student Grades 📝

Using a Map 🗺️

STL Multimap Explained 😊

Multimap vs. Map 🗺️

Illustrative Example

Key Differences Summarized 📝

STL Unordered Multiset: A Friendly Introduction 🤗

Key Features ✨

Example Usage 💡

When to Use it 🤔

STL Unordered Map: A Friendly Guide 🤗

What is it?

Key Properties:

Usage Examples ✨

More Resources 📚

Conclusion

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`std::vector` 💪

`std::list` 🔗

`std::deque` 🔄

`std::map` 🗺️

`std::unordered_map` 🎲

`std::set` 🗄️

`std::unordered_set` 🎲

Purpose of `pair`

Using `pair`

Using `multiset` 🤩

Meet the STL `deque`! 🤝

When to Use `deque` 🤔